Pipes by the II-maker from Gouda-Holland

De pijpen van de II-maker

By Don Duco

Abstract: This article describes the first find in Gouda of waster dump material from a pipe maker named Jan Jacobsz. de Lange. The find is of great importance because it proves that mass production of ordinary clay tobacco pipes in Gouda had started already in 1639, the date of the find. Also the pipes recovered underline the existence of the makers' assortment at that time, a selection of different pipes of comparative quality that were brought on the market at the same moment to please customers with choice. The different shapes however also show a close relation to the backing techniques, especially the way the saggers were filled. Next to the pipes it selves, also attention is payed to the kiln material and the other ceramic wares that were backed in the same kiln.

Sorry, we do not have an English translation available. For the full text of this article, please visit the Dutch version of our website.

© Don Duco, Pijpenkabinet Foundation, Leiden - Holland, 1991.

Illustrations

1.Excavations at the Nobelstreet in Gouda, the Netherlands, October 1984.

2. Impression of the pipes from the waster dump. Gouda, Jan Jansz. de Lange, 1639.
Leiden, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 10.462-10.465

3. Pipe fragments discolored by overheating. Gouda, Jan Jansz. de Lange, 1639.
Leiden, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 10.462-10.465

4. Pipes with black spots from the failures during the firing of the kiln. Gouda, Jan Jansz. de Lange, 1639.
Leiden, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 10.462-10.465

5. Clay tobacco pipe with bi-conical bowl, heel and straight stem. Undecorated. Gouda, Jan Jansz. de Lange, 1639.
Leiden, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 10.464

6. Clay tobacco pipe with bi-conical bowl, heel and straight stem. Steel in relief on both sides a lying oval with a fork and the initials II. Gouda, Jan Jansz. de Lange, 1639.
Leiden, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 10.465

7. Clay tobacco pipe with slender bi-conical bowl, heel and straight stem. Stem centre of gravity decoration of stamps with lilies alternated with millings. Heel mark tulip on a stem. Gouda, Jan Jansz. de Lange, 1639.
Leiden, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 10.462

8. Clay tobacco pipe with bulbous bi-conical bowl, heel and straight stem. Stem centre of gravity decoration of stamps with lilies alternated with millings. Heel mark tulip on a stem. Gouda, Jan Jansz. de Lange, 1639.
Leiden, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 10.463

9. Two feet of saggars, one with small vent holes, the other without. Gouda, 1635-1639.
Leiden, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 10.747ab

10. Fragments of the rim of the saggar. Gouda, 1635-1639.
Leiden, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 10.748ab

11. Fragment of the lid of the saggar wit a vent hole. Gouda, 1635-1639.
Leiden, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 10.749b

12. A grey-brown backed brazier originally on three feet and with a square top. Gouda, 1635-1639.
Leiden, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 10.751b

13. Two braziers that collapsed on a milk pot, at the bottom stems of clay pipes. Gouda, 1635-1639.
Leiden, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 10.751a

Notes

1. A brief review of this find in: D.H. Duco, De Nederlandse kleipijp, handboek voor dateren en determineren, Leiden, 1987, p 39-42, chapter: ‘De pijpen van de II-maker’.

2. About a year later the street was taken away resulting in more finds that were unfortunately removed by private diggers.

3. Ibidem note 1.

4. Don Duco, Bronnen tot de geschiedenis van de pijpennijverheid in Gouda, Amsterdam, 1976 a.f. 10-11-1642 Jan Jansz. de Lange admits a dept for the delivery of pipe clay.

5. According to a later source Jan Jacobsz. Coppedraeijer is active as a pipe maker from 1643.

6. SAHM, RA 504, fol 17v, Schuldboek, 01-05-1643. Jan Jacobsz. Coppedraeijer, pipe maker guilt to Adriaen Dircksz., salesman the sum of Dutch guilders 2305.4.- including arrangements of payment. Security is given by a house in the Koningsstreet. The pipe makers Arien Thobiasz. de Zeeuw and Joost Witsen guarant the loan. Margin: Payed 24-01-1658.

7. Duco, (Bronnen Gouda), 03-12-1647. Together with Hendrick Daniëlsz. van Steijn, pipe maker, Jan Centen, ship owner and the children of Matthijs Dijvoort on pipe clay from Cologne that contains pieces of wood. Witness is the clay worker Jasper Joosten Vertoorn.

8. BM Londen, Gildeboek 1660-1724, fol 6v. Jan Jacobsz. Coppedraeijer (lid 1660). 1662 Gildebestuur, 29-08-1663 election as deacon of the guild. 02-09-1664. Election as deacon of the guild.

9. SAHM, Begraven St Jan, 02-04-1668. Jan Jacopsz. Koppedraijer, private grave 5-12-0, bells 5-4-0.

10. Duco, (Bronnen Gouda), 08-08-1669. List with debts to Barthold Oldenrogge for the delivery of 40 barrels with pipe clay.

11. Duco, (Bronnen Gouda), 18-11-1670. The widow of Jan Jacobsz. Coppedraeijer gives a house in rent to pipe maker Barent Dircksz. Jonghart.

12. Duco, (Bronnen Gouda), Melsert Maertensz. Broecker (1610-1650) 01-09-1637 request to be patented for the production of saggars because there are only four potters in the province of Holland producing these and the transport costs are considerable. Admission given for the period of seven years. 01-10-1639 request to raise a penalty of six guilders to those who continue producing saggars.