A difference of taste between two groups of smokers
Over smaak valt niet te twisten
By Don Duco
Abstract: In this article two groups of pipe finds are discussed. The first one originates from Westeinde, a village close to Enkhuizen in the north of Holland, the second was found in Flushing, in Dutch Zealand. In Westeinde over 1258 pipe bowls were found that range in time from 1610 to 1640. The material is representative for the smoker in a village and most of the material was locally produced. There is a large variety of shapes and finishes; however all are quite crude and meager in finish. Rather unexpected about four percent of the pipes are decorated, showing baroque decorations, inclusing several Jonah pipes. In contrast to this, the pipes from Flushing span in time from 1630 to 1640 and are remarkable homogeneous. These pipes show a unique development, in course of the years resulting in a particular style popular in Zealand. Next to the description, the article also explains the origin of the styles, their development and compares fashion in smoking among two completely different groups of people.
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© Don Duco, Pijpenkabinet Foundation, Amsterdam - Holland, 2008.
Westeinde slootvuling
| first generation | ||
| cut off bowl opening | 27 | |
| heel marks | ||
| star | 13 | |
| IR | 1 | |
| cross | 1 | |
| lily | 1 | 43 |
| bi-conical | ||
| without milling | 47 | |
| with milling | 133 | |
| strong bi-conical | 96 | |
| middle large | 284 | |
| bi-conical larger size | 123 |
683 |
| heel marks | ||
| rose crowned | 41 | |
| rose small | 154 | |
| rose five leaves | 48 | |
| rose with petals | 14 | 257 |
| rose in relief on bowl | 6 | 6 |
| heel marks | ||
| hand | 42 | |
| TM | 18 | |
| IP crowned | 47 | |
| IC with plant | 9 | |
| DA | 1 | |
| II | 1 | |
| TM monogramme | 1 | |
| HI monogramme | 1 | |
| PG | 1 | |
| spectacles | 5 | |
| lily | 11 | |
| bird | 2 | |
| owl | 1 | |
| unidentified | 95 | 235 |
| decorated | ||
| 1633 complete decoration Evert Franck | 2 | |
| 1633 baroque stem EF | 13 | |
| baroque Jacob Pietersen | 2 | |
| flowerdrill on stem | 4 | |
| Jonah with curled hair IP crowned | 1 | |
| Jonah IP crowned | 1 | |
| Jonah unmarked | 7 |
30 |
| pipe bowls with glaze | 3 | |
| pipe bowl in lead | 1 | 4 |
| total | 1258 | 1258 |
| Flushing cesspit | ||
| bi-conical in stroke burneshed quality | ||
| rose crowned | 7 | |
| rose crowned initials WP | 19 | |
| roos with petals | 62 | |
| idem with stem in relief | 3 | |
| lily in diamond | 19 | |
| unidentified | 32 | |
| total | 142 |
Illustrations
1. Tobacco pipe with bi-conical bowl, heel and straight stem. Bowl opening cut off with a knife. Unmarked. North-Netherlands, 1600-1615.
Amsterdam, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 24q
2. Tobacco pipe with bi-conical bowl, heel and straight stem. Bowl opening cut off with a knife.. Heelmark star with six arms. North-Netherlands, 1605-1615.
Amsterdam, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 24r
3. Tobacco pipe with bi-conical bowl, heel and straight stem. Bowl opening cut off with a knife. Heelmark IR plus two leaves. North-Netherlands, 1605-1615.
Amsterdam, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 24s
4. Tobacco pipe with bi-conical bowl, heel and straight stem. Bowl opening cut off with a knife with incision. Heelmark cross. West-Frisia, 1605-1615.
Amsterdam, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 24t
5. Tobacco pipe with bi-conical bowl, heel and straight stem. Milling. Heelmark lily in diamond. West-Frisia, 1610-1620.
Amsterdam, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 24u
6. Tobacco pipe with bi-conical bowl, heel and straight stem. Milling. West-Frisia, 1610-1620.
Amsterdam, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 24v
7. Tobacco pipe with bi-conical bowl with Hoorn shape, heel and straight stem. Milling. Heelmark rose with dot shaped leaves. Enkhuizen/Hoorn, 1620-1630.
Amsterdam, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 24bb
8. Tobacco pipe with bi-conical bowl with Hoorn shape, heel and straight stem. Milling. Heelmark rose under crown. Enkhuizen/Hoorn, 1620-1630.
Amsterdam, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 24x
9. Tobacco pipe with bi-conical bowl with Hoorn shape, heel and straight stem. Milling. Heelmark rose. Stem stamped with lilies in diamonds and insized rings. Enkhuizen/Hoorn, 1620-1630.
Amsterdam, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 24o
10. Tobacco pipe with bi-conical bowl with Hoorn shape, heel and straight stem. Milling. Heelmark hand with circle in the palm in contour. Enkhuizen/Hoorn, 1620-1630.
Amsterdam, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 24z
11. Tobacco pipe with bi-conical bowl with Hoorn shape, heel and straight stem. Milling. Heelmark IP under crown. Enkhuizen/Hoorn, Jacob Pietersen, 1630-1640.
Amsterdam, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 24aa
12. Tobacco pipe with bi-conical bowl, heel and straight stem. Milling. Decoration in relief of six masks and other ornaments, stem left “EVERT FRANC” and right “ANNO 1633”. Amsterdam, Evert Franck, 1633-1635, later Enkhuizen/Hoorn, 1635-1640.
Amsterdam, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 24b
13. Tobacco pipe with bi-conical bowl, heel and straight stem. Milling. Stem in relief a decoration of symmetrical roses and leaves, a round going band with on the left date “1633” and om the right “E.F.”. Amsterdam, Evert Franck, 1633-1635, later Enkhuizen/Hoorn, 1635-1640.
Amsterdam, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 24l
14. Tobacco pipe with bi-conical bowl, heelform and straight stem. Milling. Base of the bowl four stilized leaves, stem between concentric bands geometrically ordened leave decoration, stem end left in relief “IACOB PIETERSEN”. Gouda, later Enkhuizen/Hoorn, Jacob Pietersen, 1630-1640.
Amsterdam, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 24k
15. Tobacco pipe with bi-conical bowl, heel and straight stem. Milling. Bowl head of Jonah with moustache and beard. Heelmark IP under crown. Enkhuizen/Hoorn, Jacob Pietersen, 1630-1635.
Amsterdam, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 24j
16. Tobacco pipe with bi-conical bowl, heel and straight stem. Milling. Bowl head of Jonah with moustache and beard, stem whale with open mouth, a lily on both sides. Stem end left “IONAS” and right “1633”.Enkhuizen/Hoorn, 1630-1640.
Amsterdam, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 24e
17. Tobacco pipe with bi-conical bowl, heel and straight stem. Milling. Bowl head of Jonah with moustache and beard, stem whale with open mouth. Heelmark IP under corwn. Enkhuizen/Hoorn, Jacob Pietersen, 1633-1640.
Amsterdam, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 24d
18. Tobacco pipe of lead with bowl shaped bowl, prononciated filt border and short stem with incisions. West-Frisa, 1620-1630.
Amsterdam, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 24a
19.Tobacco pipe with bi-conical bowl, heel and straight stem. Milling. Bowl and stem stroke burnished. Heelmark rose under crown in closing frame. Gorinchem, William Pritsaert, 1628-1632.
Amsterdam, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 19.110a
20. Tobacco pipe with bi-conical bowl, heel and straight stem. Milling. Bowl and stem stroke burnished. Heelmark rose under crown with initials WP. Gorinchem, William Pritsaert, 1628-1632.
Amsterdam, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 19.110b
21. Tobacco pipe with bi-conical bowl, heel and straight stem. Milling. Bowl and stem stroke burnished. Heelmark rose under crown with initials WP in closing frame. Stem centre of gravity decoration lilies in diamonds. Gorinchem, William Pritsaert, 1628-1632.
Amsterdam, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 19.110c
22. Tobacco pipe with bi-conical bowl, heel and straight stem. Milling. Bowl and stem stroke burnished. Heelmark rose with petals in a pearl border. Stem centre of gravity decoration double lilies in diamonds and two round going millings. Gorinchem, 1630-1638.
Amsterdam, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 19.109a
23. Tobacco pipe with bi-conical bowl, heel and straight stem. Milling. Bowl and stem stroke burnished. Heelmark rose with petals. Stem centre of gravity decoration lilies in diamonds and three round going millings. Gorinchem, 1632-1640.
Amsterdam, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 19.109c
24. Tobacco pipe with bi-conical bowl, heel and straight stem. Milling. Bowl and stem stroke burnished. Heelmark rose with petals. Stem in relief centre of gravity decoration of symmetrically ordened flowers between concentric bands. Gorinchem, 1632-1640.
Amsterdam, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 19.108
25. Tobacco pipe with bi-conical bowl, heel and straight stem. Milling. Bowl and stem stroke burnished. Heelmark lily in diamond. Stem centre of gravity decoration group of diamonds with a lily. Gorinchem, 1635-1645.
Amsterdam, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 19.111a
Notes
1. Also 1534 stem fragments were registered among 34 mouth pieces. The small number of mouth pieces is an indication that the material was not carefully dug up.
2. D.H. Duco, De kleipijp in de zeventiende eeuwse Nederlanden, Oxford, 1981, p. 149. In 1627 he lives in Reestraat in Amsterdam.
3. Alternative materials are wood, reed. horn and bone. See also: Don Duco, ‘Een exotische pijp uit Schermerhorn’, Amsterdam, 2003. Discussion of a pipe with a stem in lead.
4. Reservations about the use of lead are from our times.
5. SAHM, OA2529, fol 124, Gildeboek (Guild book) 1614-1711, 29-08-1662.
6. D.H. Duco, Merken en merkenrecht van de pijpenmakers in Gouda, Amsterdam, 2003, p. 14.
7. D.H. Duco, De Nederlandse kleipijp, handboek voor dateren en determineren, Leiden, 1987, p. 89, ill. 464-467.
8. SAHM Gouda, Rekeningen Sint Jan 1574-1670,12-01-1632. Willem Plots, Engels tobackpijpmaker, baar 8.0.1, luiden 5.17.0.
9. Don Duco, Biografische gegevens van pijpenmakers in Nederland, Amsterdam, 1976 a.f. Gorinchem, Willliam Pritsaert.
10. Amsterdam, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 4192ab, Pk 13.023b Marcus Claasz.
11. Amsterdam, Pijpenkabinet collections Pk 3109 Steven Hendricksz.
12. The number is reconstructed, some of the pipes had already been sold before the group was offered to me..
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